|
The Continental Celtic languages are the Celtic languages, now extinct, that were spoken on the continent of Europe, as distinguished from the Insular Celtic languages of the British Isles and Brittany. ''Continental Celtic'' is a geographic, not a linguistic, grouping of the ancient Celtic languages. The Continental Celtic languages were spoken by the people known to Roman and Greek writers as ''Keltoi'', ''Celtae'', ''Galli'' and ''Galatae''. These languages were spoken in an arc stretching across from Iberia in the west to the Balkans and Anatolia in the east. Even though Breton is spoken in continental Europe, and has been since at least the 6th century AD, it is not considered one of the Continental Celtic languages. It is a Brittonic language closely related to Cornish and Welsh. Whilst it has been suggested that there is a Gaulish substratum in the Vannetais dialect (Galliou and Jones 1991) the historical and linguistic evidence shows otherwise. ==Attested Celtic languages== Although it is likely that Celts spoke dozens of different languages and dialects across Europe in pre-Roman times, only a small number have been attested: *Lepontic (6th to 4th century BC)〔Pierre-Yves Lambert, ''La langue gauloise'', éditions errance 1994. p. 14.〕 was spoken on the southern side of the Alps. It is evidenced in a number of inscriptions as well as place names. *Gaulish ''or'' Gallic (3rd century BC to 2nd (?) century AD)〔 was the main language spoken in greater Gaul. This is often considered to be divided into two dialects, Cisalpine (the Italian side) and Transalpine (the French side). It is evidenced in a number of inscriptions as well as place names and tribal names in writings of classical authors. It may have been a substratum to Breton, as noted above. *Galatian, spoken around Ankara. Classical writers say that the language is similar to that of Gaul. There is also evidence of invasion and settlement of the Ankara area by Celts from Europe. *Noric, which is the name given sometimes to the Celtic dialects spoken in Central and Eastern Europe. It was spoken in Austria and Slovenia; only two fragmentary texts are preserved and there are plenty of personal names and toponyms. *Celtiberian ''or'' Northeastern Hispano-Celtic (3rd to 1st century BC)〔LAMBERT 14〕 is the name given to the language in northeast Iberia, between the headwaters of the Douro, Tagus, Júcar and Turía rivers and the Ebro river. It is attested to by some 200 inscriptions as well as place names. It is distinct from the Iberian language. *Gallaecian also known as'' Gallaic ''or'' Northwestern Hispano-Celtic'', attested in a small corpus of Latin inscriptions containing isolated words and sentences that are unmistakably Celtic.〔"In the northwest of the Iberian Peninula, and more specifically between the west and north Atlantic coasts and an imaginary line running north-south and linking Oviedo and Merida, there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions with paticular characteristics of its own. This corpus contains some linguistic features that are clearly Celtic and others that in our opinion are not Celtic. The former we shall group, for the moment, under the label northwestern Hispano-Celtic. The latter are the same features found in well-documented contemporary inscriptions in the region occupied by the Lusitanians, and therefore belonging to the variety known as LUSITANIAN, or more broadly as GALLO-LUSITANIAN. As we have already said, we do not consider this variety to belong to the Celtic language family." Jordán Colera 2007: p.750〕〔Prósper, B.M. (2005). ''Estudios sobre la fonética y la morfología de la lengua celtibérica'' in ''Vascos, celtas e indoeuropeos. Genes y lenguas'' (coauthored with Villar, Francisco). Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 333-350. ISBN 84-7800-530-7.〕 It was spoken in the north west of the Iberian Peninsula. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Continental Celtic languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|